Balmer Series Definition in Science

The Balmer series is the portion of the emission spectrum of hydrogen that represents electron transitions from energy levels n 2 to n 2. These are four lines in the visible spectrum. They are also known as the Balmer lines.The four visible Balmer lines of hydrogen appear at 410 nm, 434 nm, 486 nm and 656 nm. These are caused by photons produced by electrons in excited states transitioning to more stable energy levels. There are also multiple ultraviolet Balmer lines that have wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. The spectrum becomes continuous approaching 364.6 nm (ultraviolet). Note: While Balmer discovered four visible lines, five other hydrogen spectral series were later discovered for values of n besides 2. The Balmer series in especially important in astronomy. The lines are seem emitted by many stellar objects because most of the universe consists of the element hydrogen. The series is used to help determine the surface temperature of stars. Source Nave, C. R. (2006). Hydrogen Spectrum. HyperPhysics. Georgia State University.

Copyright and the Internet Essay examples - 1425 Words

Copyright came about in the fifteenth century in Britain, sometime after the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. â€Å"The printing press represented a supreme threat to the clergy’s monopoly on idea dissemination; moveable type was the fifteenth century version of Napster† (Copyright Website). Copyright laws were instated to protect authors of various intellectual properties, (literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, architectural) and give credit to the proper author. Over the years copyright laws have changed dramatically, because of the development of the internet. Before the internet in order to be caught plagiarizing someone would have to read through all sorts of literary works, to know exactly where the information came†¦show more content†¦Like physical property intellectual property cannot be used without the owner’s permission. This means that the owner has say in how the consumer uses their work. This has become a problem wit h the development of the internet. It is now extremely easy to break copyright laws and illegally distribute intellectual property to millions of people around the world. The definition of intellectual property is still the same, but people do not think of works on the internet as intellectual property. Even though copyright laws are placed on everything user do not take the time to read the license agreement when downloading personal works from the internet, weather it would be books or music. People are not reading copyright laws which means, they do not know what the owners have and have not given them the right to do with their work. Some authors want you to use their work and sometimes even consider it to be a type of free advertising, others only want you to buy their work for its intended use, (buy their books and read them, or listen to their music, look at their photos, etc.). Copyright laws exist to give credit to the people that deserve it or in most modern cases give pr ofit to the original owners. Copyright along with trademark and paten are all ways to protect intellectual property from false ownership. During theShow MoreRelatedInternet Copyright Laws1388 Words   |  6 PagesCredit Internet Copyright Laws A student comes home to his dorm at the University of Scranton after a rough day of classes. With the quick internet connection provided on the schools network, the student makes a few clicks and logs into Morpheus, a program that enables music fans to download free music. Within a few minutes he is on his way to owning an unlimited amount of songs at no cost. Everything this student is doing is legal, right? Wrong. The downloaded music from the internet isRead MoreCopyright Protection on Internet9657 Words   |  39 PagesLEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS COPYRIGHT PROTECTION ON INTERNET (08BS0001781) SECTION-F Contents {text:bookmark-start} INTRODUCTION {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} 1.1 About Intellectual Property [1] {text:bookmark-end} It is not material wants that seek ownership, but the ideas, skills and moral aspirations need equal protection. It refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Read More Internet Copyright Laws Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Copyright Laws A student comes home to his dorm at the University of Scranton after a rough day of classes. With the quick internet connection provided on the school’s network, the student makes a few clicks and logs into Morpheus, a program that enables music fans to download free music. 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This issue will be tackled by looking into the law governing online copyright infringement (i.e. the European Union (EU) Directives and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case law); the current positions of ISSPs and users in terms of their rights and liabilities (particularlyRead MoreCensorship Online1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Internet. According to the textbook, censorship is a way used by governments or religious institutions to supervise or regulate the public access to offensive or harmful materials (Quinn 2012, p.496). Internet censorship applies the same discipline which regulates the public access to harmful content on internet. Nowadays, internet is a place with huge potential for growth. Statistics suggest that the total growth of new internet users is 566.4% from December 31, 2000 to 2012 (Internet WorldRead MoreEssay The Copyright Law1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Copyright Law Copyright is the exclusive right given by law for term of years to author, designer etc., or his assignee to print, publish or sell copies of his original work Copyright is a law that protects published and unpublished work that you can see, hear and touch, from being reproduced without prior consent from the creator of the work. Copyright law and copyright Read MoreEssay on Intellectual Property in the Age of the Internet1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntellectual Property in the Age of the Internet When Tim Berners-Lee created the Internet as a non-proprietor, not-for-profit information conduit, he could not have predicted how controversial digitized intellectual property would become. Prior to the Internet, intellectual property was a fairly straightforward issue. 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The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food Essay Example For Students

The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food Essay â€Å"The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food† by Michael Moss addresses many issues with big companies and their thought process. Although Moss neglects to show the things that companies do right or do because the consumer desires it. He doesn’t bring to light the different options that big companies put out that are healthier for the consumer. Moss does a good job of pointing out what he believes to be the short coming of big companies towards their consumers. Are big food companies meeting our needs or creating them for us? Should they have to set limits between meeting our genuine needs and making a profit for themselves? Moss’s point of view of the conscious effort to make food inexpensive and addictive is an accurate portrayal. Michael Moss brings to view the way companies strive to draw the consumer’s to buy their product and then to keep them buying more. Moss spent time interviewing scientists, executives, and former CEO’s to get a clearer picture of how these companies do this. Moss explains that when a product is failing to sell, companies opt to make packaging and logos brighter or more appealing to consumers; instead of pulling the product off the shelves. Moss also touches the fact that additives, like sugar and preservatives, are put into junk food that will enhance a consumer’s craving enough that they will go and purchase it more. Moss states companies like General Mills believe, why change something that taste good and that are selling, even if they are not the healthiest food for consumers. Michael Moss also discusses about an interview that he had with a former employee of Coca-Cola, Jeffery Dunn. The interview was in regards to introducing a low cost bottle of cola in Brazil. While on this mission for . .ms us about multiple people: former CEO’s, employees and executives that try to change the way big companies work with addictive food. Moss points out that all of these individuals have failed at changing the big picture of addiction foods, because big companies refuse to budge due to their increasing profit. Moss’s point of view of the conscious effort to make food inexpensive and addictive is an accurate portrayal. Personally, I feel that as a whole everyone needs to help with this change, not just the big companies adding less sugar and preservatives but the consumer’s learning their limits while eating junk food. There also has to be a way to make healthier food easier and more affordable for consumers. Consumer’s need to step up and stop being lazy about preparing their own food and start reading labels and acknowledging what is healthy for them and what is not.

The films Kes and Billy Elliott Essay Example

The films Kes and Billy Elliott Paper Billy Casper is a misfit. He does things differently to everyone else, he is smaller than most of his classmates and he has an unusual passion. The director of the film not only uses acting to show how Billys loneliness, but also wide panoramic shots and other camera work. In many scenes, we see Billy, a small, desolate figure in a mass of green. Often, these shots have the mine in the background. The juxtaposition of the mine against the beautiful countryside further conveys the mood. The industry is eating away at the fields, and in the same way the lifestyle of the miners and the expectation of Billy becoming a miner is eating away at him. Another juxtaposition that the director uses is when Jud is going down into the mine. He puts children singing a hymn as the music, and then fades up to the assembly scene. This is good use of editing techniques because he gets the feeling of being sucked down into the mine. As one Jud goes down, he feels all his happiness go out of him, and the fade up to the children illustrates the sucking motion of the mine comparable to a black hole. We will write a custom essay sample on The films Kes and Billy Elliott specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The films Kes and Billy Elliott specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The films Kes and Billy Elliott specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are also scenes in the film when Billy is in the woods. In these scenes, he walks slowly and the music is calm and soothing a flute playing over strings. When Billy is in the woods he is at ease. In comparison to this, when Billy is on the estate or at school, there are loud background noises and we often see Billy running. In the woods there is no one telling him what to do, no one to pick on him or bully him, whereas on the estate he is often doing some sort of job or errand for someone. Another reason that Billy doesnt want to become a miner is that he wants to escape from his world. He is picked on at home and at school, constantly being told that he is stupid and no good. Kes is the only thing that he has a great passion for, and she symbolises everything that Billy wants: freedom. Freedom to go where he chooses and to do what he likes. We see shots of Kes flying above Billy, and in the background we can see Barnsley. Kes is flying way above the mine and she doesnt have a care in the world. Billy says Its wild and its free and its not bothered about anybody, which is the attitude that Billy adopts to some extent. Billy understands the hawk, but the hawk is not just a bird to Billy, it is the culmination of all his hopes. Billy shows no desire to be outstanding at anything, he only says that he wont be a miner. The hawk flies above the mine. The mine is deep in the ground, and Billy wants to get as far away from it as possible. When the hawk is dead, Billy has to bury it. This represents the crushing of Billys hope not to become a miner. He has to submit to society, and go to work down the pit. In Billy Elliott there is no pressure on Billy to decide what he wants to do in the future. At home, Jacky and Tony are on strike because the government has decided that it is uneconomical to keep the mines open because it is cheaper to import coal. Billy presumes that he will become a miner, and has no objections to it. The only time he discusses mining is when he asks Michael if he thinks it would be better to be a miner or a ballet dancer. Jacky and Tony being on strike means that there is little money coming into the house. They have been on strike for about a year, making no headway. However, they remain on strike because they have not been trained for anything else. Many of the older miners will never work again. The time is about nineteen eighty-five. The largest police force ever has been assembled to deal with the strikers, and make sure things dont get out of hand, which, of course, they do. Some miners crossed the picket line and were known as scabs. Scabs were hated by the striking miners because they have broken the first rule of the union never cross a picket line. The striking miners struggled to keep themselves warm and fed: the most extreme example of this is when Jacky has to smash up his wifes piano for firewood. This is a very hard thing for him to do because it was one of his wifes favourite things. When Jacky hears about Billys dancing, he tries to go back to work. This is the ultimate sacrifice that Jacky could have made for Billy, and he cannot handle it. He breaks down in the coach park and Tony, who didnt know Jacky was going back, has to come and take him home. Because of the closure of the mines, it was unlikely that Billy was ever going to become a miner, so he doesnt have the anticipation of leaving school and going straight down the pit, like Billy Casper does. His world is changing, it is effectively the end of an era the demise of the working class. A forced change is coming about Billy manages to escape the misery of the miners through his dancing. Everything that Jacky and Tony have ever known is changing, and Jacky allows Billy to be different. At first he finds it hard to do this, but after seeing him dance, he says to Tony He could be a genius for all that we know. When he is asked by the man in the audition room if he supports Billy, he says Yes, of course, and there isnt the slightest bit of doubt in his voice. Because Billy is accepted by his family, he finds it easier to accept things in the world around him. For example, when he finds out that his friend Michael is homosexual, he doesnt tease him or stop talking to him, but accepts him for who he is. He makes jokes about it with Michael, but is never harsh or cruel. The director of Billy Elliott uses the mine less as a visual aid than the director of Kes. He does however use a similar technique to the assembly, when Billy is at a ballet class. He cuts this with scenes of the miners striking and then back to the lesson, with the mingled sounds of the miners shouting and the piano. This is meaningful because it shows that there is such a great difference so close together. We know that there is goi Mining is more a symbol of change in Billy Elliott than anything else. Billy is moving on to new things, and he will experience things that none of his family or the community have ever experienced. In the same way, the miners lives are about to be changed forever. When Billy is sitting by Jacky in the fields, he says that he is scared, and Jacky says Thats ok, son, were all scared. Everyone who is affected by the mining will have a change life. In contrast to this, Mrs Wilkinsons life wont change. For her Billy is leaving, which is sad, but her life will move on. She isnt going to lose her job, she has to keep going the same way as she always has. Mrs Wilkinson is a contrast to the feel good factor of the film. There are certain characters and moments in the film that stand out because they challenge the mood of the film, for example Jacky smashing his wifes piano, and I believe that the matter of mining is clearer in Kes than it is in Billy Elliott. I say this because in Billy Elliott, it is somehow unresolved. We know that the miners go back to work we see them going back, but what we dont know is what happened to them when the mines closed. All we see are Jacky and Tony going to see Billy in his production of Swan Lake. The central theme of the film is Billy, but I think that the film could possibly be even stronger if it showed more of a definite ending to the mines. However, having said this, the film explores wider, more challenging issues than Kes, for example the issue of homosexuality in Michael. It would have been hard to portray these issues when Kes was made in the 1960s, but I think that it makes Billy Elliott a more outstanding film.